World History
- Thematic (Theme Based) Understanding is Important.
- Analysis is important (chronological order).
- Facts needs to be read from ReferenceBook.
Book references :-
• Old NCERT - Arjun Dev
• Class-9, Story of Civilisation- I ( Selected Chapters)
• Class-10, Story of Civilisation- II ( Chapter- 9 onwards)
• Class-12, Contemporary World History.
• Previous Years Question paper Analysis.
Official UPSC Syllabus : -
- History ofthe world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrew of national boundries, colonization , decolonization.
- Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism, etc. their forms and effects on the society. ( Note: UPS C Syllabus directly says about 18th century but Before 18th Century , 17th Century also exist , Some Imp. event must be happened before 17th Century - and their impact can be seen on 18th century .
Thats why we need to read from the Origin of World History.
| - Origin-
Ancient World --> Roman Empire
| - 12th century CE -- >
Medieval World --> Rise of Islam Crusades, Dark Ages, Changes in Europe
| - 15th century CE -- >
Starting of Modernis -- > Renaissance, Scientific Discoveries,Enlightenment
| - 18th century CE -- >
Towards Modern World --> Socio-Political-Economic , Age of Revolutions , Colonization.
| - 21st century CE -- >
Now, World History - UPSC syllabus is very short but, You have to decode world history.
1. Ancient World (Origin) (Roman Empire)
2. Medieval World ( 12th - 15th century CE) ( starting Modernism)
3. Modern World ( 18th - 21th century CE
In World History you have to read, events, forms and effects on the Society from 18th century like,
- Industrial Revolution
- World War, Colonization
- Redrawal of national boundaries.
- Decolonization
- Political Philosophies like Communism, capitalism, socialism etc. And their forms and effects on society.
* Old Europe. Ancient world.
*✓* Ancient world
Roman Empire
- Spread of Christianity
Western Roman Empire - Ruled till 5th_6th Century CE
Later on decline of Byzantine Empire
-- Starting point of Dark Ages
-- Decline of cities
-- Decline of trade & Commerce
-- Decline of Art and Culture
By 8th century CE
-- Starting point of feudalism
-- Clash with Islamic Invasion
-- Invasions from Magyars, Mongols, Vikings etc.
Role of the Catholic Church.
Q. Impact of this Decline?
- Hugh vacuum in Political space.
- West Asia- Rise of Islam.
- Muslim Conquest of European areas
Q. Transition to Early Medieval era- 8th century CE onward to 11th century.
- Byzantine Empire
- Islam
- Religion and Politics got Intervened
- Role of Catholic Church increased
- Christianity centric culture
- Rise of the clergy Community
- Political Conditions - Land become the major sources of Power and Income
- Role of Feudal lords
- Kings giving land grants to the important people
- Fiefs
- Barons
- Knights
- Bishops
- Landless Peasants-> Serfs
- Bonded labour increased
- Land - Main Source of wealth
- Hence not much Development of Trade and Commerce.
Q. Transition to Medieval- 11th to 13th century CE.
- Become the Power Centre.
Q. Role of Catholic Church ?
- 11th - 13th century CE
- Papacy in power
- Role of Pope.
- Expansion of Christianity
Clash with Islam- Crusades
- Eastern Roman Empire-
Expanded till constantinople Economic Power Centre.
- By 15th Century CE - Rise of the Ottoman Turks
* Crusades States-
* Early Crusades *
- First Crusade, 1096- 1099
- Second Crusade, 1147- 1149
- Third Crusade , 1189- 1191
- Fourth Crusade, 1202 - 1204
-
* Religious affections after the first Crusade
- Roman Catholic Territory
- Greek Orthodox Territory
- Islamic Territory
Q. By 13th century- new Political System Developed.
Q. By 15th century CE Political developments- Rise of the Ottoman Turks.
- Capture of Constantinople
- Expansion of ottoman empire.
- The European classical period saw a Crises
- Christian scholars intellectuals migrated back to Europe.
- Settled in Italy- Florence
- Greek and Latin literature got revival
- Renaissance period Started
- Reforms were initiated
- Christianity got a new dimension
Q. By impact of the ottoman expansion?
- Ottoman Turks ( 1300- 1359)
- Expansion under Murat ll, 1421- 1451
- Expansion under Mehmet ll and Selim l, 1451 - 1520
- Expansion under Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520 - 1566
- Expansion, 1566 - 1683
Q. What changes will take place?
Q. Condition of Europe in 15th century CE?
Q. Old Europe during this period?
- Theocratic States
- Absolute Monarchical states
- Feudalism
- Privileged class
- Devolution thinking- church based
- Emotions based thinking
Q. Renaissance?
Q. 15th century CE onwards- Renaissance meaning- Rebirth
- Rebirth- (from 14th century to the 17th century)
- Intellectual change
- Outpouring of Intellectual & Artistic Energy
- All areas-
- Started as a period of Revival
- Old learning & Culture
- Converted into period of Innovation
- New knowledge Emerged
- Spreading of ideas- Print Media
- New thinking came
- Put an end to the Old way of life.
Q. What was the Old way of life?
Q. Why Italy?
- 1. Geographical Location
- Gateway of Europe
- Between East and West
- Important Centres emerged - Venice, Milam, pisa, Florence
-2. Trade and Commerce
- Urban Society
- Powerful City States
- Cultural Development
- Educational Changes
- Teachers/ Intellectual were rewarded
- Development of Society
Bourgeoisie Merchants Aristocrats Gave Patronage
-3. Classical Past of Italy
- People got to know about their pasts
-4. Role- Rise of Intellectuals
- Give new Dimension to creativity
-- Literature - Dante Algheri- Divine Comedy
-- Francesco Petrarch - Poetry, Humanism was the focus
-- Nicolo Machiavelli's- Politics
- Development of schools of Paintings
-- Giotio di Bandone - Painter
-- Leonardo de Vinci- Engineer, Biologist, Monalisa, Last supper
-- Raphael- Architecture, Sculpture
-- Michael Angelo- Painters, Sculptor, Architect David and Moses,
Chapel at Rome
-5. Development of Architecture
- Romanesque
- Gothic
-6. Scientific Discoveries (Religion was challenged Church's authority also que)
- Printing- invented by Chinese- passed on to India-Arabs
- By 14th century- Printing press emerged, Gutenberg Bible
- Medicine- colleges established, pharmacology
- Astronomy- Copernicus- Geo centric vs. Helio centric
- Galileo- Telescope, Planetary Movements
- Issac Newton- Physics, Gravitational
- Calendar reforms - Gregorian Calendar- Solar Based
- Scientific Discoveries- Led to Geographical Discoveries
- Renaissance- Inquiry and Adventure
-- Navigation Science
-- Compass - Directions
-- Astronomy
-- Geography
- Merchants and Traders- Mercantilism
- Wanted Market and Resources
- Kings - Spain and Portugal
- Financing Voyages to find new places
- Africa- Gold, Ivory, Slaves
- India- Spices, Pepper(mirch) etc.
Discovery of new places by individual merchants
Q. What were the Discoveries?
- Discovery of new places by individual merchants
- Bartholomew Diaz's- Cape of Good Hope
- Vasco Da Gama- INDIA
- Christopher Columbus- Crossed Atlantic - America Discovered
- Ferdinand Magellan- Made a world tour.
Q. Impact of Geographical Discoveries?
- End of Italian control
- Colonization started
- Concept of 3G - God, Glory, Gold
- Increase in Trade and Commerce-> Mercantilism
- Destruction of native civilization
- Evangelism Increased-> Christian Missionaries
- Exploitation Started -> Route to Globalization
- Reformation and Enlightenment
Magellans Voyages around the world.
Q. Old Europe during this period?
- Theocratic State
- Absolute Monarchical states
- Feudalism
- Privileged class
- Devotional thinking - Church based
- Emotionally based thinking
Q. Renaissance impact?
| - Political
| - Economy
| - Culture
| - Religions
* Reformation and Enlightenment ?
- Religious movement in christianity
- Involvement Social and Political Dimensions
- Role of Catholic Church ->Theocracy Politics
- Pope -> Bishop -> Priest
- Authority of clergy man
- Confession System
- Theory of sacraments
- Corruption
- Sin letters -> letters of Indulgences
- Anyone challenging the authority of Church ->
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